For the first time, the EU interior ministers have adopted a Council decision under the Mass Influx Directive (Directive 2001/55/EC) on the admission of refugees from Ukraine. Both Ukrainian nationals and their family members as well as third-country nationals who had their legal residence in Ukraine until 24.02.2022 and cannot return to their home country will now receive a right of residence in the Federal Republic of Germany in accordance with Section 24 of the Residence Act – initially for 1 year. The following applies to gainful employment: Section 24 (6) sentence 1 of the Residence Act expressly permits (only) self-employment. Although employment is not permitted pursuant to Section 24 (6) sentence 2, this provision is unlikely to be in conformity with the Directive: Article 12 of the Directive confers a right of access to employment subject to a priority test. However, the priority check does not take place according to the national requirements, Section 31 BeschV. A permit for employment can therefore be applied for at the Foreigners’ Registration Office.